C

Hello World in C

Every programming journey starts with Hello World. This example is particularly special in C - it’s the original Hello World, first appearing in the 1978 K&R book “The C Programming …

Variables and Types in C

C is a statically typed, weakly typed language — every variable has a fixed type declared at compile time, but the compiler allows many implicit conversions between types. This combination gives C its …

Operators in C

Operators are the verbs of C. They combine values and variables into expressions that compute, compare, and transform data. As a procedural, statically-typed language sitting close to the hardware, C …

Control Flow in C

Control flow is what turns a list of statements into a program that makes decisions and repeats work. As a procedural, imperative language, C gives you a compact but complete set of control …

The Language Inside the Language: A Tour of Metaprogramming

Every programming language eventually runs into the same wall: the programmer knows something at write time that the language cannot express directly. How to serialize a thousand different types …

0 or 1? The Array Indexing War That Never Ended

Ask a programmer which languages start arrays at 0 and which start them at 1, and you’ll get a confident answer. Ask them why, and the conversation gets interesting fast.

Most developers assume …

Who Taught Your Language to Remember? A Tour of Memory Management

In our three-part series on web backend performance, we measured idle memory ranging from 3 MB (Rust) to 500 MB (Spring Boot). We noted that a garbage collector explained much of Java’s …

Strings Are Not Simple: How 12 Languages Model Text (And Why They Disagree)

Every programming language has strings. They’re so universal — so unremarkable — that we rarely stop to ask how they actually work. You type some characters between quotation marks, hand them to …