Python

Hello World in Python

Every programming journey starts with Hello World. Python makes this incredibly simple—it’s just one line.

The Code

Create a file named hello.py:

1

print("Hello, World!") …

Variables and Types in Python

Python’s approach to variables is one of the things that makes it so approachable. There are no type declarations, no keywords like int or String — you simply assign a value to a name and Python …

Operators in Python

Operators are the verbs of a programming language—they let you combine values into expressions that compute results, compare quantities, and make decisions. Python provides a rich, readable set of …

0 or 1? The Array Indexing War That Never Ended

Ask a programmer which languages start arrays at 0 and which start them at 1, and you’ll get a confident answer. Ask them why, and the conversation gets interesting fast.

Most developers assume …

The Many Ways to Fail: Error Handling Philosophies Across Programming Languages

Every program that has ever run has eventually encountered something unexpected. A file that wasn’t there. A network that dropped the connection. A number that divided by zero. A user who typed …

Who Taught Your Language to Remember? A Tour of Memory Management

In our three-part series on web backend performance, we measured idle memory ranging from 3 MB (Rust) to 500 MB (Spring Boot). We noted that a garbage collector explained much of Java’s …

def, func, fun, fn, sub: Why Every Language Has a Different Word for the Same Thing

Open almost any programming language reference and you will find, somewhere near the beginning, a section explaining how to define a reusable named block of code. The concept is universal. The word …

Strings Are Not Simple: How 12 Languages Model Text (And Why They Disagree)

Every programming language has strings. They’re so universal — so unremarkable — that we rarely stop to ask how they actually work. You type some characters between quotation marks, hand them to …

The Weight of Your Web Stack, Part 3: Choosing the Right Backend for the Job

In Part 1 we measured what web backends cost before serving a single request — idle memory ranging from 3 MB (Rust) to 500 MB (Spring Boot). In Part 2 we measured what happens when traffic arrives — …

The Weight of Your Web Stack, Part 2: What Your Backend Costs Under Load

In Part 1, we measured what web backend frameworks cost before serving a single request — idle memory, startup time, and Docker image sizes. We found a 30-100x spread between the lightest (Rust …