R

Hello World in R

R is a powerful language for statistical computing and graphics. Let’s start with the traditional “Hello, World!” program to verify your R environment is working correctly.

The …

Variables and Types in R

R is dynamically typed and strongly typed: you never declare a variable’s type, but R will refuse to silently mix incompatible types without an explicit conversion. What makes R unusual compared …

Operators in R

Operators are the symbols R uses to combine and transform values: adding numbers, comparing quantities, testing logical conditions, and binding results to names. Understanding them is the foundation …

Control Flow in R

Control flow determines the order in which your code executes and lets your programs make decisions and repeat work. R provides all the familiar building blocks—if/else conditionals, for and while …

Functions in R

Functions are the heart of R. Almost everything you do in R—from print() to sum() to fitting a regression model—is a function call, and the language treats functions themselves as ordinary values you …

I/O Operations in R

Input and output are where a program meets the outside world. In most languages that means printing strings and reading lines, and R does all of that. But R is a language built for statistics, so its …